Reaching for the wrong cleaner is the fastest way to leave a permanent ring on upholstery. The cleaning code is a one-letter instruction from the manufacturer telling you which method the fabric can tolerate.
What Each Code Means
| Code | Meaning | How to clean |
|---|---|---|
| W | Water-based cleaners safe | Mild soap and water; blot, don't rub. |
| S | Solvent only — no water | Dry-cleaning solvent; ventilate well. |
| WS / SW | Water or solvent safe | Either — the most forgiving; common on performance fabrics. |
| X | No water, no solvent | Vacuum or soft-brush only; professional for stains. |
Where to Find the Code
Check the manufacturer's tag (often under a cushion), the spec sheet, or the retailer's product page. If you're buying fabric to reupholster, the code is listed with fiber content and double-rub rating. When in doubt, treat an unknown fabric as "S" or "X" and test first.
Always test first: whatever the code, apply any cleaner to a hidden spot and let it dry before treating a visible stain. Blot — never rub — and work from the outside of a stain inward.
Codes & Performance Fabrics
Most performance fabrics carry a W or WS code, and many are additionally bleach-cleanable, a major advantage for pet and kid stains. Solution-dyed fabrics like Sunbrella and Revolution tolerate bleach because the color is locked into the fiber. For step-by-step methods, see how to clean upholstery fabric at home.
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Start My Project — Free →Frequently Asked Questions
What does the W cleaning code mean?
A W code means the fabric can be cleaned with water-based cleaners, such as mild soap and water or a water-based upholstery cleaner. Blot rather than rub, and test a hidden area first.
What does an S cleaning code mean?
An S code means solvent-only: clean with a dry-cleaning solvent and avoid water, which can cause rings, watermarks, or shrinkage. Use solvents in a well-ventilated area.
What is the difference between WS and X codes?
WS (or SW) means both water and solvent cleaners are safe, the most forgiving option. X means neither is safe; you should only vacuum or lightly brush the fabric and use professional cleaning for stubborn stains.
Where do I find my furniture's cleaning code?
Look on the manufacturer's tag, usually under a cushion or attached to the frame, or on the fabric's spec sheet or product page. If you can't find it, treat the fabric as solvent-only and test any cleaner first.
Can I use bleach on upholstery?
Only on bleach-cleanable fabrics, which are mostly solution-dyed performance fabrics like Sunbrella and Revolution. Use the recommended dilution and never apply undiluted bleach, which can damage fibers and color on non-bleach-cleanable fabric.